Developing the paragraph from the topic sentence-details, summary, concluding sentence

 Developing paragraphs

Let's see how we can use the Hamburger method to write a fully developed paragraph. If you can recall. in our last lesson, we focused on the topic sentence. Now we will learn how to add details.

Now watch these video clips to learn more about developing your paragraphs.

Video 1

Video 2 concluding sentence

Follow up practice activities.

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 4

Activity 5

Subject: Writing                                        Date: _____________________________

Objective: Students will be able to write fully developed paragraphs using proper form, including a topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence.

Materials:

·         Whiteboard and markers

·         Chart paper and markers

·         Hamburger graphic organizer templates (one per student)

·         Writing paper and pencils

·         Examples of paragraphs using the hamburger method

      Projector

Duration: 60 minutes

Engage:

1.     Begin the lesson by asking students if they know what a paragraph is and what it consists of. Guide them to identify the main components of a paragraph: topic sentence, supporting details, and concluding sentence.

2.     Introduce the "hamburger" metaphor for writing paragraphs, where the topic sentence is the top bun, the supporting details are the ingredients in the middle, and the concluding sentence is the bottom bun.

3.     Show examples of paragraphs using the hamburger method and discuss how each part contributes to the overall structure and coherence of the paragraph.

Explore:

1.     Present a mini-lesson on writing paragraphs using the hamburger method, explaining the purpose of each component and how they work together to convey a clear message.

2.     Distribute hamburger graphic organizer templates to each student and explain how to use them to plan their paragraphs. Model how to fill out the organizer with a simple topic and supporting details.

3.     Allow students to work independently or in pairs to brainstorm and complete their hamburger graphic organizers with topics of their choice. Encourage them to choose topics they are familiar with and can easily write about.

Explain:

1.     Review the completed hamburger graphic organizers as a class, discussing the topics chosen and the supporting details provided.

2.     Use chart paper to create a large hamburger graphic organizer and write a sample paragraph as a class, using the information from one of the completed organizers. Label each part of the paragraph (topic sentence, details, concluding sentence) as you write.

3.     Discuss the importance of coherence and clarity in writing paragraphs and how the hamburger method helps achieve this.

Elaborate:

1.     Have students transfer the information from their completed graphic organizers onto writing paper to compose their paragraphs. Encourage them to use their organizers as guides and to focus on including all three parts of the hamburger method.

2.     Circulate around the room to provide support and guidance as students work on writing their paragraphs.

3.     Once students have finished writing, invite a few volunteers to share their paragraphs with the class. Discuss how effectively they used the hamburger method and offer constructive feedback.

Evaluate:

1.     Assess students' understanding of writing paragraphs using the hamburger method through their completion of the graphic organizers and paragraphs.

2.     Use a checklist or rubric to evaluate each paragraph based on the inclusion of a clear topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence, as well as overall coherence and clarity.

3.     Provide feedback to students on their paragraphs, highlighting areas of strength and areas for improvement.

4.     Choose a topic from the list below to develop.

(a) Sports Day At My School

(b) Taking Care Of Our Teeth

© Eating A Balanced Diet

(d) Glow Foods

Extension: For students who demonstrate a strong understanding, challenge them to write paragraphs on more complex topics or to incorporate additional supporting details. Additionally, they can explore variations of the hamburger method, such as including transitions between supporting details or using different types of concluding sentences (e.g., summarizing the main points or making a prediction).

 

 

Criteria	Poor (1 point)	Fair (2 points)	Good (3 points)
Clear Topic Sentence	The topic sentence is unclear or missing.	The topic sentence is present but lacks clarity or specificity.	The topic sentence clearly identifies the main idea of the paragraph.
Supporting Details	Few or no supporting details are provided.	Some supporting details are provided, but they lack depth or relevance to the topic.	Multiple supporting details are provided that are relevant, specific, and help to develop the main idea of the paragraph.
Concluding Sentence	The concluding sentence is absent or does not effectively summarize the main points of the paragraph.	The concluding sentence is present but lacks clarity or does not provide closure to the paragraph.	The concluding sentence effectively summarizes the main points of the paragraph and provides closure.
Coherence and Clarity	The paragraph lacks coherence and clarity, making it difficult to follow or understand the main idea.	The paragraph has some coherence and clarity but may contain some awkward or unclear sentences.	The paragraph is well-organized, coherent, and clear, with smooth transitions between ideas and sentences.
Overall Effectiveness	The paragraph is ineffective in conveying the main idea and lacks development.	The paragraph partially achieves its purpose but lacks depth and precision.	The paragraph effectively communicates the main idea with well-developed supporting details and a clear structure.

Scoring Guide:

·         0-5 points: Poor

·         6-10 points: Fair

·         11-15 points: Good

 

Exemplars to guide students’ writing.

Poor Exemplar: Topic Sentence: My favorite animal is a dog. Details: Dogs are cute. They have fur. They like to play. Concluding Sentence: I like dogs.

Poor Exemplar:

·         Why it's deemed poor: This exemplar lacks sufficient detail and development. The topic sentence is weak and does not provide a clear focus for the paragraph. The supporting details are very basic and do not expand upon the topic sentence effectively. The concluding sentence is simplistic and does not provide closure to the paragraph.

 

Fair Exemplar: Topic Sentence: My favorite animal is a dog because they are loyal and friendly companions. Details: Dogs are loyal because they always stick by your side. They are friendly because they wag their tails and lick your face. They can also protect you from danger. Concluding Sentence: That's why I love dogs so much!

Fair Exemplar:

·         Why it's deemed fair: This exemplar shows some improvement over the poor exemplar as it includes a slightly more developed topic sentence and provides a few supporting details. However, the details are still quite basic and lack depth. The concluding sentence attempts to wrap up the paragraph but is somewhat weak and repetitive.

 

Good Exemplar: Topic Sentence: Dogs are my favorite animals because of their unwavering loyalty, friendly nature, and protective instincts. Details: Dogs demonstrate loyalty by following their owners everywhere and showing affectionate behavior. Their friendly nature is evident in their wagging tails and enthusiastic greetings whenever you come home. Moreover, dogs can be protective, alerting their owners to potential threats and even risking their own safety to keep them out of harm's way. Concluding Sentence: In conclusion, dogs are not just pets but cherished companions who enrich our lives with their unwavering loyalty, friendliness, and protective instincts.

 

Good Exemplar:

·         Why it's deemed good: This exemplar is the strongest of the three as it includes a well-developed topic sentence that clearly states the main idea of the paragraph. The supporting details are more elaborate and provide specific examples to support the main idea. The concluding sentence effectively summarizes the main points of the paragraph and provides closure. Overall, the paragraph is well-organized, coherent, and provides a thorough exploration of the topic.

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